The Vatican Museums:
​Stanza dell' Incendio

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Fire in the Borgo

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The Stanza dell' Incendio functioned as Pope Leo X’s private dining room, where he entertained family and friends. It was there that Leo X frequently dined with Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), a fellow Florentine, who was the pope's  guest in the Vatican from 1513 until 1516.

The room is named after the fresco of the Fire in the Borgo (L'Incendio di Borgo), one of the four wall frescoes that were painted by members of Raphael's workshop between 1514 and 1517. The frescoes illustrate historical events in which the main protagonists are popes who took the name Leo. They are all depicted with the face of Pope Leo X. 

The Fire in the Borgo celebrates the successful intercession of Pope Leo IV (r. 847-55) during a fire that raged through the Borgo, a populous district next to St Peter's Basilica. The fire, which broke out in the first year of the pope's reign, is documented in the Liber Pontificalis, a collection of biographies of popes. 

Aeneas Carrying Anchises

​The group in the left foreground, made up of an old man on the shoulders of a young man, and a child, may be drawn from the Aeneid in which Aeneas escapes from burning Troy with his father Anchises and his son Ascanius.

The Battle of Ostia

The fresco of The Battle of Ostia depicts an attack, in 849, on the Roman port of Ostia by an Arab fleet. The fleet was destroyed by a storm and we see Pope Leo IV giving thanks to God. 

The Oath of Pope Leo III

In the Oath of Leo III, the Pope takes the oath of purification at the altar of St Peter's Basilica in 800.   

The Coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III

On December 25th 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne the Holy Roman emperor in St Peter's Basilica. The fresco depicts Charlemagne with the features of the French king Francis I, with whom Pope Leo X was seeking an alliance. 

Vault

Raphael retained the beautiful decoration of the vault, the work of his master Pietro Vannucci (c. 1446-1523), much better known as il Perugino. The four tondi depict God the Father, Christ and his Tempter, the Holy Trinity and the Apostles and Christ between Justice and Mercy. ​

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