The 'Minerveo' Obelisk

Map
'Minerveo' Obelisk, Piazza della Minerva, Rome
The 'Minerveo' Obelisk
The Obelisco Minerveo (5.47 m), which stands in Piazza della Minerva, was first erected in the Egyptian city of Sais by the pharaoh Apries (r. 589-570 BCE). Nothing is known about how the obelisk reached Rome, but it seems certain that it was installed in the Iseum Campense (Temple of Isis and Serapis). 

​The obelisk was unearthed in the garden of Santa Maria sopra Minerva during the reign of Pope Alexander VII (r. 1655-67). It was soon decided to set it up in front of the church. Many proposals were submitted for the design of the base, but in the end the decision was made to place the obelisk on an elephant, which stands on a stepped pedestal. The reason an elephant was chosen is explained in the inscription on the west face. The 'bellarum fortissima' was carved by Ercole Ferrata (1610-86) to a design  by Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680). 

The inscriptions were penned by Pope Alexander VII. Sadly, the pope did not live to see the statue being unveiled to the public on July 11th 1667, having died on May 22nd. 
'Minerveo' Obelisk, inscription (east face), Piazza della Minerva, Rome
East Face
East face: SAPIENTIS AEGYPTI / INSCVLPTAS OBELISCO FIGVRAS / AB ELEPHANTO / BELLVARVM FORTISSIMA / GESTARI QVIS QVIS HIC VIDES / DOCVMENTVM INTELLIGE / ROBVSTAE MENTIS ESSE / SOLIDAM SAPIENTIAM SVSTINERE (Let any beholder of the carved images of the wisdom of Egypt on the obelisk carried by the elephant, the strongest of beasts, realise that it takes a robust mind to carry solid wisdom). 
'Minerveo' Obelisk, inscription (west face), Piazza della Minerva, Rome
West Face
West face: VETEREM OBELISCVM / PALLADIS AEGYPTIAE MONVMENTVM / E TELLVRE ERVTVM / IBI IN MINERVAE OLIM / NVNC DEIPARAE GENITRICIS / TORO ERECTVM / DIVINAE SAPIENTIAE / ALEXANDER VII DEDICAVIT / ANNO SAL MDCLXVII (Alexander VII dedicated to divine wisdom this ancient obelisk, a monument of the Egyptian Athena, unearthed and set up in the square, once Minerva's now belonging to the Mother of God, in the year of Salvation, 1667). 

The obelisk is crowned with a Cross, the montini (a pyramid of little mounts) and an eight-pointed star, the charges of the coat of arms of the Chigi family to which Pope Alexander VII belonged. ​