Popes: 1417-Present

15th Century:
Pope Martin V, Oddone Colonna (b. Genazzano), 11.11.1417-20.02.1431 (Age at election: ca. 48. Age at death: 62).
  • The election of Martin V signalled the end of the Western Schism, which had started in 1378 following the death of Pope Gregory XI.
  • Cardinal Oddone Colonna was elected at the Council of Constance on St Martin's Day, hence his choice of name as pope.  
  • The tomb of Pope Martin V, the work of Simone Ghini, is in the church of San Giovanni in Laterano.

Pope Eugenius IV, Gabriele Condulmer (b. Venice), 03.03.1431-23.02.1447 (47/63).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Eugenius IV is in San Salvatore in Lauro. 

Pope Nicholas V, Tommaso Parentucelli (b. Sarzana), 06.03.1447-24.03.1455 (49/57).
Pope Calixtus III, Alfonso Borgia (b. Spain), 08.04.1455-06.08.1458 (76/79).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Callixtus III is in the church of Santa Maria in Monserrato. 

Pope Pius II, Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (b. Corsignano), 19.08.1458-15.08.1464 (52/58).
Pope Paul II, Pietro Barbo (b. Venice), 30.08.1464-26.07.1471 (47/54). 
  • Paul II, who was the nephew of Pope Eugenius IV, built Palazzo Venezia.
  • Pope Paul II is interred in St Peter's Basilica. He has no funerary monument. 

Pope Sixtus IV, Francesco della Rovere (b. Savona), 09.08.1471-12.08.1484 (57/70).
  • Sixtus IV rebuilt the Cappella Sistina. 
  • The funerary monument of Pope Sixtus IV is in the Treasury Museum of St Peter's Basilica, where he is buried. 

Pope Innocent VIII, Giovanni Battista Cibo (b. Genoa), 29.08.1484-25.07.1492 (51/59).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Innocent VIII, the work of Antonio del Pollaiuolo, is in St Peter's Basilica. 

Pope Alexander VI, Rodrigo de Borja y Doms (b. Spain), 11.08.1492-18.08.1503 (61/72). 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Alexander VI is in the church of Santa Maria in Monserrato. 
16th Century:
Pope Pius III, Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (b. Siena), 22.09.1503-18.10.1503 (64/64).
  • Pius III, the nephew of Pope Pius II (r. 1458-64), reigned for just 26 days. 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Pius III is in the church of Sant' Andrea della Valle.

Pope Julius II, Giuliano della Rovere (b. Savona), 31.10.1503-21.02.1513 (59/69).
  • Julius II, who was the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV (r. 1471-84), commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Cappella Sistina.
 
Pope Leo X, Giovanni de' Medici (b. Florence), 09.03.1513-01.12.1521 (37/45). 
Pope Adrian VI, Adrian Floriszoon Boeyens (b. Utrecht, Holland), 09.01.1522-14.09.1523 (62/64).
  • Adrian VI was the last non-Italian pope for 455 years. 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Adrian VI is in the church of Santa Maria dell' Anima. 

Pope Clement VII, Giulio de' Medici (b. Florence), 19.11.1523-25.09.1534 (45/56).
  • Clement VII was the illegitimate cousin of Pope Leo X (r. 1513-21). 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Clement VII is in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

Pope Paul III, Alessandro Farnese (b. Canino), 13.10.1534-10.11.1549 (66/81).
Pope Julius III, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte (b. Monte San Savino), 07.02.1550-23.03.1555 (62/67).
  • Pope Julius III is interred in St Peter's Basilica. He has no funerary monument. 

Pope Marcellus II, Marcello Cervini (Montefano, Macerata), 09.04.1555-30.04.1555 (53/53).
  • Marcellus II, who was the last pope to use his own name, reigned for just 22 days. 
  • Pope Marcellus II is interred in St Peter's Basilica. He has no funerary monument. 

Pope Paul IV, Giovanni Pietro Carafa (Capriglia), 23.05.1555-18.08.1559 (78/83).
Pope Pius IV, Giovanni Angelo de' Medici (b. Milan), 26.12.1559-09.12.1565 (60/66).
  • Pope Pius V commissioned Michelangelo to design the Porta Pia and build the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli  (where he is buried) in the Baths of Diocletian. He has no funerary monument. 

Pope St. Pius V, Antonio Ghislieri (b. Bosco Marengo), 07.01.1566-01.05.1572 (61/68).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Pius V is in the Cappella Sistina in the church of  Santa Maria Maggiore. 
  • On May 22nd 1712, Pius V was canonised by Pope Clement XI (r. 1700-21).  

Pope Gregory XIII, Ugo Boncompagni (b. Bologna), 13.05.1572-10.04.1585 (70/83).
  • In 1582, Gregory XIII reformed the Julian Calendar. 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Gregory XIII, the work of Camillo Rusconi, is in St Peter's Basilica.

Pope Sixtus V, Felice Peretti (b. Grottammare), 24.04.1585-27.08.1590 (63/68).
Pope Urban VII, Giovanni Battista Castagna (b. Rome), 15.09.1590-27.09.1590 (69/69).
  • Urban VII reigned for just 13 days, the shortest in the history of the papacy. 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Urban VII, the work of Ambrogio Buonvicino, is in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva. 

Pope Gregory XIV, Niccolò Sfondrati (b. Cremona), 05.12.1590-15.10.1591 (55/56).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Gregory XIV, the work of Prospero Antichi, is in St Peter's Basilica.

Pope Innocent IX, Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti (b. Bologna), 29.10.1591-30.12.1591 (72/72).
  • Innocent IX is interred in St Peter's Basilica;  there is no monument. 

Pope Clement VIII, Ippolito Aldobrandini (b. Fano), 30.01.1592-03.03.1605 (55/69).
17th Century:
Pope Leo XI, Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (b. Florence), 01.04.1605-27.04.1605 (69/69).
Pope Paul V, Camillo Borghese (b. Rome), 16.05.1605-28.01.1621 (52/68).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Paul V is the Cappella Paolina in the church of Santa Maria Maggiore. 
  • Paul V commissioned Carlo Maderno to build the facade of St Peter's Basilica, which he completed in 1614, and which bears the pope's name. 
  • Paul V restored the Aqua Traiana, which he renamed the Acqua Paola, bringing water to the right bank. He also commissioned the grand Fontana dell' Acqua Paola. 

Pope Gregory XV, Alessandro Ludovisi (b. Bologna), 09.02.1621-08.07.1623 (67/69).
  • On 12 March 1622, Pope Gregory XV canonised Ignatius of Loyola, Filippo Neri and Teresa of Ávila, the founders of three religious orders.
  • The funerary monument to Pope Gregory XV is in the Cappella Ludovisi  in the Jesuit church of Sant' Ignazio di Loyola, which he commissioned. 

Pope Urban VIII, Maffeo Barberini (b. Barberino Val d'Elsa), 06.08.1623-29.07.1644 (55/76).
  • On November 18th 1626, Pope Urban VIII consecrated St Peter's Basilica.
  • Urban VIII commissioned Bernini to build the Baldacchino in St Peter's Basilica. 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Urban VIII, the work of Bernini, is in St Peter's Basilica. 

Pope Innocent X, Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (b. Rome), 15.09.1644-07.01.1655 (70/80).
Pope Alexander VII, Fabio Chigi (b. Siena), 07.04.1655-22.05.1667 (56/68).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Alexander VII is in St Peter's Basilica. 
  • Pope Alexander VII commissioned Gianlorenzo Bernini to build the monumental colonnade in Piazza San Pietro.   

Pope Clement IX, Giulio Rospigliosi (b. Pistoia), 20.06.1667-09.12.1669 (67/69).
Pope Clement X, Emilio Altieri (b. Rome), 29.04.1670-22.07.1676 (79/86). 
  • Cardinal Emilio Altieri was almost eighty when he was elected pope, making him the oldest person ever to become pontiff.  
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Clement X is in St Peter's Basilica. 
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Pope Innocent XI, Benedetto Odescalchi (b. Como), 21.09.1676-11.08.1689 (65/78).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Innocent XI is in St Peter's Basilica. 

Pope Alexander VIII, Pietro Ottoboni (b. Venice), 06.10.1689-01.02.1691 (79/80).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Alexander VIII is in St Peter's Basilica. 

Pope Innocent XII, Antonio Pignatelli (b. Spinazzola), 12.07.1691-27.09.1700 (76/85).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Innocent XII is in St Peter's Basilica. 
18th Century:
Pope Clement XI, Giovanni Francesco Albani (b. Urbino), 23.11.1700-19.03.1721 (51/71).
  • Pope Clement XI is interred in the Cappella del Coro in St Peter's Basilica. There is no grand funerary monument only an inscription in the pavement.   
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Pope Innocent XIII, Michelangelo Conti (b. Poli), 08.05.1721-07.03.1724 (65/68).
  • Innocent XIII, like Pope Innocent III (r. 1198–1216), Pope Gregory IX (r. 1227–1241) and Pope Alexander IV (r. 1254–1261) was a member of the Counts of Segni.  
  • Pope Innocent XIII is interred in the grotto of St Peter's Basilica. He has no funerary monument. 

Pope Benedict XIII, Pietro Francesco Orsini (b. Gravina, Bari), 29.05.1724-21.02.1730 (75/81).
Pope Clement XII, Lorenzo Corsini (b. Florence), 12.07.1730-6.02.1740 (78/87). ​
Pope Benedict XIV, Prospero Lambertini (b. Bologna), 17.08.1740-03.05.1758 (65/83).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Benedict XIV, the work of Pietro Bracci, is in St Peter's Basilica.

Pope Clement XIII, Carlo Rezzonico (b. Venice), 06.07.1758-02.02.1769 (65/75).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Clement XIII, the work of Antonio Canova, is in St Peter's Basilica. 
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Pope Clement XIV, Giovanni Vincenzo Ganganelli (b. Sant' Arcangelo di Romagna), 19.05.1769-22.09.1774 (63/68).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Clement XIV is in the church of Santi Apostoli. 
​
Pope Pius VI, Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi (b. Cesena), 15.02.1775-29.08.1799 (57/81).
  • Pius VI died in Valence, in France, a prisoner of Napoleon. His heart was buried in Valence, while the rest of his remains were interred in St Peter's Basilica.​


19th Century:
Pope Pius VII, Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti (b. Cesena), 14.03.1800-20.08.1823 (57/81).
  • Pope Pius VII adopted the white and yellow flag of the Holy See. 
  • Pius VII restored the ancient Arch of Titus.
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Pius VII is in St Peter's Basilica. 
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Pope Leo XII, Count Annibale della Genga (b. Genga), 28.09.1823-10.02.1829 (63/68).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Leo XII, the work of Giuseppe Fabris, is in St Peter's Basilica.

Pope Pius VIII, Francesco Saverio Castiglioni (b. Cingoli), 31.03.1829-30.11.1830 (67/69).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Pius VIII, the work of Pietro Tenerani, is in St Peter's Basilica.
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Pope Gregory XVI, Bartolomeo Cappellari (b. Belluno), 02.02.1831-01.06.1846 (65/80).
  • The ​funerary monument to Pope Gregory XVI, the work of Luigi Amici, is in St Peter's Basilica.

Pope Pius IX, Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti (b. Senigallia), 16.06.1846-07.02.1878 (54/85).
  • Pius IX reigned for just under 32 years, the longest in the history of the papacy. 
  • Pope Pius IX is buried in the church of San Lorenzo fuori le Mura. 

Pope Leo XIII, Gioacchino Pecci (b. Carpineto Romano), 20.02.1878-20.07.1903 (68/93).
  • Leo XIII was the oldest ever pope when he died at the age of ninety-three.
  • Leo XIII is one of only three popes to have reigned for a minimum of twenty-five years, the length of time St Peter was believed to have been pontiff. 
  • The funerary monument to Pope Leo XIII, the work of Giulio Tadolini, is in the church of San Giovanni in Laterano. 
20th Century:
Pope St. Pius X, Giuseppe Sarto (b. Riese), 04.08.1903-20.08.1914 (68/79).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Pius X is in St Peter's Basilica.
  • On May 29th 1954, Pope Pius X was canonised by Pope Pius XII. 

Pope Benedict XV, Giacomo della Chiesa (b. Genoa), 03.09.1914-22.01.1922 (59/67).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Benedict XV is in St Peter's Basilica.

Pope Pius XI, Achille Ratti (b. Desio, Milan), 06.02.1922-10.02.1939 (64/81).
  • Pope Pius XI became the first sovereign of Vatican City when is was founded as an independent state on February 11th 1929.
  • The funerary monument to Pope Pius XI is in St Peter's Basilica. 

Pope Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli (b. Rome), 02.03.1939-09.10.1958 (63/82).
  • The funerary monument to Pope Pius XII is in St Peter's Basilica.

Pope St. John XXIII, Angelo Roncalli (b. Sotto il Monte, Bergamo), 28.10.1958-03.06.1963 (76/81).
  • On October 11th 1962, Pope John XXIII opened the first session of the Second Vatican Council. 
  • Pope John XXIII is buried in St Peter's Basilica. 
  • Pope John XXIII was canonised by Pope Francis on April 27th 2014. 

Pope St. Paul VI, Giovanni Battista Montini (b. Brescia), 21.06.1963-06.08.1978 (65/80).
  • On December 8th 1965, Pope Paul VI officially closed the Second Vatican Council.
  • Pope Paul VI is buried in St Peter's Basilica. 
  • On October 14th 2018, Pope Paul VI was canonised by Pope Francis. 

Pope John Paul I, Albino Luciani (b. Forno di Canale, Belluno); 26.08.1978-28.09.1978 (65/65).
  • John Paul I, who reigned for just 33 days, was the first pope to choose two names. He chose it in honour of his two predecessors. 
  • Pope John Paul I is buried in St Peter's Basilica. 

Pope St. John Paul II, Karol Wojtyla (b. Krakow, Poland), 16.10.1978-02.04.2005 (58/84).
  • John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. He is one of only three popes to have reigned for more than twenty-five years. ​
  • Pope John Paul II is buried in St Peter's Basilica. 
  • Pope John Paul II was canonised by Pope Francis on April 27th 2014. 
21st Century:
Pope Benedict XVI, Joseph Ratzinger (b. Marktl am Inn, Germany), 19.04.2005-28.02.2013 (78/85). 
  • Benedict XVI was the first pope since Gregory XII (r. 1406-15) to abdicate. 
  • ​Pope Benedict XVI is buried in St Peter's Basilica. 

Pope Francis, Jorge Mario Bergoglio (b. Buenos Aires, Argentina), 13.03.2013- (77/ ). 
  • Francis was the first ever Jesuit to be elected pope and the first to come from the Southern Hemisphere.