San Luigi dei Francesi

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Church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
San Luigi dei Francesi
The 16th century church of San Luigi dei Francesi is the national church of France.

The design of the facade has been attributed to Giacomo della Porta (1532-1602). The four statues are by the French sculptor Pierre de l'Estache (c.1688-1774) and depict Charlemagne and King St Louis of France and St Clotilde and St Jeanne de Valois. 
An image of a salamander on the facade of the church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
One of the Two Salamanders
The two tondi at the base depict salamanders, the emblem of King Francois I (r. 1515-47). In times past, it was believed that the salamander was immune to fire. This belief may have originated from a behaviour common to many species of salamander, the tendency to hibernate in, and under, rotting logs. When wood was brought indoors and put on the fire, the salamanders 'mysteriously' appeared from the flames. Fire has a twofold power in that it can both support life and destroy it, and the motto of Francis I, which is inscribed above one of the salamanders, was: NUTRISCO E EXTINGO (I nourish and I extinguish). The second inscription reads: ERIT CHRISTIANORVM LVMEN IN IGNE (It will be the light of the Christians in the fire). 

The façade is crowned with the coat of arms of France, the work of the Flemish sculptor Nicolaus Mostaert, better known as Niccolò Fiammingo (c.1530-1604). 
Nave, church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
Nave
The church's ornate interior was designed by the French architect Antoine Dérizet (1685-1768) and completed in 1756. 
Nave vault, church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
Nave Vault
The gilded stucco work of the ceiling of the nave contains images of the French fleur-de-lys. The central panel has a painting of the Apotheosis of St Louis, which was executed by Charles-Joseph Natoire (1700-77). 
Apse, church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
Apse
The sanctuary has a dome, which is coffered in hexagons containing stars and rosettes. The pendentives sport stucco sculptures of the four Latin Doctors of the Church (St Augustine, St Jerome, St Ambrose and Pope St Gregory the Great). The high altar is a painting of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary by Francesco Bassano the Younger (1549-92).
Stucco statue of Pope St Gregory the Great, church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
Pope St Gregory the Great
San Luigi dei Francesi is a well-trodden stop on the Caravaggio trail. The Cappella Contarini is home to three beautiful scenes from the life of Saint Matthew, which Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610) painted between 1599 and 1602. This was the artist's first public commission and was executed for the heirs of Cardinal Matthieu Cointrel, who had died in 1585. 
Chapel of St Louis of France, church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
Chapel of St Louis of France
The third chapel on the left is dedicated to St Louis of France (1214-70). It is the most sumptuously decorated chapel in the church and was designed by Plautilla Bricci (1616 - c.1700), a female artist and architect, who also painted the altarpiece. 
Monument to the French painter Claude Lorrain by Paul Le Moyne, church of San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome
Monument to the French painter Claude Lorrain
In the left aisle stands a monument to the French artist Claude Gellée (1600-82), better known as Claude Lorrain, by Paul Le Moyne (1784-1883). Lorrain, who lived for much of his adult life in Rome, is famous for his paintings of the Roman countryside. He was originally buried in the church of Ss Trinita dei Monti, but in 1840 his remains were transferred to San Luigi dei Francesi. ​​​
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